Argentina`s social welfare services were developed on a large scale during the first presidency of Juan Perón (1946-55). A social security system has been set up to provide extended benefits to all workers. However, housing construction has become a problem in cities due to the exodus of workers from rural areas, especially in times of economic hardship. These workers have gathered on the edge of urban areas – and more recently on undeveloped land in city centres – and assembled apartments made of corrugated iron and wood, cardboard and other looted materials. The resulting slums, called miserable villas, lack amenities such as utilities and paved roads. Legal regulation of the telework contract: Law 27.555, adopted on 30 September. July 2020, sets the minimum legal budgets for the regulation of the modality of telework in these activities, which allow it due to their nature and specific characteristics. Specific aspects are defined in the context of collective bargaining. Argentina`s judicial system is divided into federal and provincial courts. The nine judges of the Federal Court of Justice are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. The judges of the Lower Federal Court are appointed by a Council of Judges and chosen by the President.
Reforms initiated in the 1990s have addressed long-standing problems of inefficiency, corruption and job vacancies. There are federal courts of appeal in Buenos Aires and other major cities. The provincial judicial system includes supreme courts, courts of appeal, courts of first instance and justices of the peace. The Argentine legal system is a civil legal system. The pillar of the civil system is the Constitution of Argentina (1853). Every business day, courts in the United States make decisions that collectively affect several thousand people. Some are only about the parties to a particular lawsuit, but others decide the rights, benefits, and legal principles that affect virtually all Americans. Inevitably, many Americans may rejoice in a certain verdict, while others – sometimes many others – disapprove of it.
However, all recognize the legality of these decisions and the role of the courts as the final interpreter of the law. There can be no stronger demonstration of Americans` confidence in the rule of law and their confidence in the American legal system. An extensive system of hospitals and clinics in Argentina is managed by national, provincial and local authorities, as well as private organizations. The cost of medical care is covered by a full range of professional insurance. Public health and sanitation standards are particularly high in developed areas, but can drop significantly in some undeveloped areas. Diseases such as smallpox, cholera, yellow fever and tuberculosis have been controlled or eliminated. The average life expectancy at birth exceeds 75 years, which is higher than in many South American countries. Overview of the U.S. Legal System (pdf – 5.4 MB) This overview covers the history and organization of the federal and state justice systems; criminal and civil proceedings; the background, qualifications and selection of federal judges; the role of other parties (lawyers, defendants, interest groups) in legal proceedings; and the implementation and impact of justice policy.
The process for appointing senators has undergone particularly significant changes. Since the last election in 2001, members of the Senate have been appointed by a referendum different from the past, when the system transferred this legal power to appoint senators to local legislatures. Only in this way can two members be elected for the majority and one for the first minority. Finally, it should be noted that senators may be re-elected indefinitely and that in the same election for a permanent position, a replacement is also chosen. The Constitution prohibits arbitrary attacks on privacy, family, home or correspondence. The government complies with these provisions. The Constitution prohibits torture; However, police brutality remains a serious problem. The judicial system is subject to delays, resulting in lengthy pre-trial detention. A 1991 law provides for a fund to compensate prisoners illegally detained during the military dictatorship of 1976-83. In 1992, a system of oral public hearings was introduced to speed up the judicial process while improving the protection of the procedural rights of the accused.
The Argentine Civil Code of 1871 is largely inspired by the Spanish legal tradition, as well as the Brazilian Civil Code, the Spanish Civil Code of 1851, the Napoleonic Code and the Chilean Civil Code. The sources of this Civil Code also include various theoretical legal works, especially those of the great French jurists of the 19th century. It was the first civil law that deliberately adopted the distinction between rights and obligations and real estate rights as a cornerstone and thus moved away from the French model. The U.S. Legal System: A Brief Description (pdf – 50 Kb) A short document highlighting the characteristics of the U.S. legal system created by the Federal Judicial Center The political party system in Argentina has been unstable, especially since the mid-20th century, as many parties form, participate in elections, and dissolve as new factions develop. Frepaso was founded in 1994 by the Broad Left Front, the Christian Democratic Party and other groups; three years later, he formed an alliance with the UCR and held the government from 1999 to 2001. The national penitentiary system is managed by the Ministry of Justice.
There are also separate provincial jails. The number of prisoners in Argentina rose sharply in the 1990s, from about 21,000 to nearly 40,000 or, according to some estimates, to 58,000. The incarceration rate has also increased rapidly. Remand prisoners account for more than half of the prison population. The Federal Court System in the United States: An Introduction to Judges and Judicial Administrators in Other Countries (pdf – 16 MB) This publication was developed by the United States Courts Administration Office to provide an introduction to the federal justice system, its organization and administration, and its relationship with the legislative and executive branches of the federal government. and its relationship with the judicial systems of States. Legal, safe and free abortion: Law 27,610, promulgated on December 30, 2021, has entered into force and expands the rights related to the termination of pregnancy. Law 27.610 regulates access to voluntary and legal termination of pregnancy and post-abortion care for all persons who are able to bear a child. It is mandatory throughout the country. Its objective is to regulate access to voluntary termination of pregnancy and post-abortion care in accordance with women`s obligations or gender identities in terms of public health and human rights contracted by the Argentine State, and to contribute to the reduction of preventable morbidity and mortality.